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Environment & Science

Western Ghats ESA Notification Debate: Balancing Conservation and Livelihoods

The Hindu - OpinionPrelims · EnvironmentMains · GS3 Environment and biodiversity

The ongoing debate over declaring Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESA) in the Western Ghats highlights the conflict between biodiversity conservation and local livelihoods, with States like Karnataka resisting due to economic concerns.

  • Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) recommended declaring 142 talukas as ESA in 2010, but faced opposition from States due to economic activity restrictions.
  • Kasturirangan Committee in 2012 reduced ESA coverage to 37% of Western Ghats, focusing on natural landscapes to ease economic restrictions.
  • Environment Protection Act, 1986 provides the legal framework for ESA notifications, but consensus remains elusive after multiple draft notifications since 2014.

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