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Polity & Governance

Anti-Defection Law and Judicial Review: Lessons from the 1993 Manipur Speaker Crisis

Indian Express - OpinionPrelims · PolityMains · GS2 Polity and constitution

The 1993 constitutional crisis involving Manipur Assembly Speaker Dr H Borobabu Singh's defiance of Supreme Court orders highlights the tension between judicial review and legislative autonomy under the Tenth Schedule (anti-defection law), with ongoing relevance for UPSC polity questions.

  • Tenth Schedule of the Constitution, introduced in 1985, empowers legislative Speakers to decide defection cases, originally barring judicial review to maintain legislative autonomy.
  • The Kihoto Hollohan case (1992) upheld the anti-defection law's validity but struck down the judicial review restriction, asserting the judiciary's role in checking Speaker decisions.
  • 1993 Manipur crisis arose when Speaker Dr Singh disqualified 7 Congress MLAs, ignored SC orders to appear, and dismissed the Assembly Secretary for implementing the court's quashing of his decision.

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